Pokeweed | The Morton Arboretum

Pokeweed is a native plant, but it can also be a dangerous one. It is dangerous to handle and ingest. Sap from the plant can be absorbed through broken skin and can cause a rash in some individuals. Additionally, consumption can cause symptoms such as gastrointestinal issues, nausea, vomiting, headache, and seizures. This plant spreads by seed. It commonly grows in wet areas such as meadows and marshes, as well as open fields and disturbed areas.

As an alternative, common elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) is a good option. There are a number of native and non-native species that could be used in place of pokeweed. More desirable species may be found using the online Search Trees and Plants page of the Arboretum website. Before purchasing or planting, be sure to check for any local or state guidelines on this species, and ensure that this plant is suitable for its habitat by checking its attributes at mortonarb.org or plants.usda.gov.

More Information

Size and Method of Spreading

Pokeweed is a large perennial that can be 2 to 10 feet tall, and 3 to 5 feet wide. The stout stems are hairless and round. Stem color ranges from green to purplish to reddish.

Leaf Description

The simple, alternate leaves of pokeweed are light green. They are 3 to 7 inches long, and 4 to 5 inches wide. Each leaf is oval-shaped, with a sharp point at the tip (acute). The surface is smooth, sometimes having a glossy appearance, accompanied by deep veins (pinnate venation). Leaf edges are smooth (entire margins).

Flower Description

Pokeweed’s small, inconspicuous flowers develop in 3- to 6-inch-long inflorescences (racemes). They have five white sepals, no petals, and an obvious green pistil in the center. Ten small stamens surround the pistil. Flowering time is early summer into early autumn.

Fruit Description

Pokeweed produces small berries in elongated clusters. The green berries ripen to deep purple. The fruit stalks turn bright pink as the berries ripen.