Content Detail

Caucasian spruce can reach a height of 50 to 60 feet with a spread of 15 to 25 feet. The delicate texture of the small needles and graceful habit make this a good choice for the home landscape.

  • Family (English) Pine
  • Family (botanic) Pinaceae
  • Planting site Residential and parks
  • Tree or plant type Tree
  • Foliage Evergreen (foliage year-round)
  • Native locale Non-native
  • Size range Large tree (more than 40 feet)
  • Mature height 50-60 feet
  • Mature width 15-25 feet
  • Light exposure Full sun (6 hrs direct light daily), Partial sun / shade (4-6 hrs light daily)
  • Hardiness zones Zone 4, Zone 5 (Northern Illinois), Zone 6 (City of Chicago), Zone 7
  • Soil preference Moist, well-drained soil
  • Drought tolerance Moderately tolerant
  • Other tolerances Alkaline soil
  • Season of interest early winter, midwinter, late winter, early spring, mid spring, late spring, early summer, midsummer, late summer, early fall, mid fall, late fall
  • Flower color and fragrance Inconspicuous
  • Shape or form Pyramidal
  • Growth rate Slow
  • Transplants well Yes
  • Planting considerations Intolerant of pollution, May be difficult to find in nurseries
  • Wildlife Browsers, Nesting birds, Songbirds
  • Has cultivars Yes

More Information

Size and Form

Caucasian spruce’s mature height is 50 to 60 feet and mature width is 15 to 25 feet.

Native Geographic Location and Habitat

It is found natively in the mountains of the Caucasus.

Attracts Birds, Pollinators, or Wildlife

Nesting birds, browsers, and song birds are attracted to it.

Bark Color and Texture

The bark is brown and may peel as the tree ages.

Needle Description

Its short, dark green, 1/4 to 1/2 inch long needles are attached singly to the stem. Needles are four-sided with a blunt tip.

Flower Description

Flowers are not ornamentally important.

Cone Description

Cones are on short stalks found at the ends of branches. Mature cylindrical cones are 2 to 4 inches long and 1 inch wide. Cone scales have smooth margins. The cones start out reddish-purple, changing to brown at maturity.

Care Knowledge

Plant Care

Caucasian spruce is best planted in full sun. It is adaptable to many soil types as long as they are moist and well-drained. The shallow, spreading root system benefits from 3 to 4 inches of organic mulch. Spruces require very little pruning. All evergreens experience seasonal needle drop in autumn and on spruces this occurs on the interior of the tree.

Pests, Diseases and Tolerances

It can be affected by rhizosphaera needle cast, cankers, bagworms and mites.

Cultivars

Gowdy Caucasian spruce (Picea orientalis ‘Gowdy’):

This is a narrow, slow-growing cultivar.

Skylands Caucasian spruce (Picea orientalis ‘Skylands’):

New foliage emerges yellow and contrasts with the darker green inner foliage. Color will fade in summer and needles may burn in hot climates.

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