Content Detail

Japanese black pine has a striking, irregular form accented by its dark, lustrous green needles. This Asian native is very tolerant of salt spray and soil salt, but It may be difficult to find in nurseries.

  • Family (English) Pine
  • Family (botanic) Pinaceae
  • Planting site Residential and parks
  • Tree or plant type Tree
  • Foliage Evergreen (foliage year-round)
  • Native locale Non-native
  • Size range Small tree (15-25 feet), Medium tree (25-40 feet), Large tree (more than 40 feet)
  • Mature height 20-80 feet
  • Mature width 20-35 feet
  • Light exposure Full sun (6 hrs direct light daily)
  • Hardiness zones Zone 5 (Northern Illinois), Zone 6 (City of Chicago), Zone 7, Zone 8
  • Soil preference Moist, Sandy soil, well-drained soil
  • Drought tolerance Moderately tolerant
  • Other tolerances Alkaline soil, Dry sites, Road salt
  • Season of interest early winter, midwinter, late winter, early spring, mid spring, late spring, early summer, midsummer, late summer, early fall, mid fall, late fall
  • Flower color and fragrance Inconspicuous
  • Shape or form Pyramidal
  • Growth rate Moderate
  • Transplants well Yes
  • Planting considerations Marginally hardy, May be difficult to find in nurseries
  • Has cultivars Yes

More Information

Native Geographic Location and Habitat 

Japanese black pine is native to Japan and Korea.

Bark Description

The bark is dark gray and broken into rough plates.

Leaf Description

Leaves are evergreen needles, two per bundle and 3 to 5 inches long. The needles are densely crowded and slightly twisted.

Flower Description

The male and female flowers are in separate structures on the same tree (monoecious) and are inconspicuous.

Fruit Description

The fruits are 2 to 3 inch long woody brown cones.

Care Knowledge

Plant Care

Japanese black pine is tolerant of heat and drought.

Pests, Diseases, and Tolerances  

Pine wilt and Zimmerman pine moth are potential problems on this tree.

Cultivars

Majestic Beauty® Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii ‘Monina’): 

This full-sized cultivar matures to 40 to 50 feet high, has a dense habit, and very dark green needles.

Thunderhead Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii ‘Thunderhead’): 

A dwarf cultivar that grows to about 6 feet high in ten years.

Donate

Your support is vital to the Arboretum, where the power of trees makes a positive impact on people’s lives.

Make a gift