Content Detail

Horse chestnut is a large tree known for showy flowers in May. The clusters of white flowers may be 6 inches tall or more.

This non-native can be messy when its fruit drops and offers little in the way of fall color.

  • Family (English) Soapberry (formerly Horse-chestnut)
  • Family (botanic) Sapindaceae (formerly Hippocastanaceae)
  • Planting site City parkway, Residential and parks, Restricted sites, Wide median
  • Tree or plant type Tree
  • Foliage Deciduous (seasonally loses leaves)
  • Native locale Non-native
  • Size range Large tree (more than 40 feet)
  • Mature height 50-75 feet
  • Mature width 40-65 feet
  • Light exposure Full sun (6 hrs direct light daily), Partial sun / shade (4-6 hrs light daily)
  • Hardiness zones Zone 3, Zone 4, Zone 5 (Northern Illinois), Zone 6 (City of Chicago), Zone 7
  • Soil preference Moist, well-drained soil
  • Drought tolerance Moderately sensitive
  • Other tolerances Alkaline soil, clay soil, Road salt
  • Season of interest late spring
  • Flower color and fragrance White
  • Shape or form Oval, Round, Upright
  • Growth rate Moderate
  • Transplants well No
  • Planting considerations Messy fruit/plant parts
  • Wildlife Browsers, Migrant birds, Small mammals
  • Has cultivars Yes

More Information

Native Geographic Location and Habitat

Horse chestnut is native to the Balkans in Europe.

Bark Description

The bark is gray, and as it ages, becomes platy with small sections falling away.

Leaf Description

The palmately compound leaves are in pairs (opposite) with 5 to 7 leaflets per leaf. Each leaflet has a doubly-toothed margin.

Flower Description

White flowers are held in a large, upright cluster in late spring.

Fruit Description

The fruit is a seed (the horse chestnut) in a prickly husk. The seed is poisonous.

Care Knowledge

Plant Care

Avoid very dry situations for this tree, as they contribute to leaf scorch.

Pests, Diseases, and Tolerances

Horse chestnut is prone to leaf scorch and a fungal leaf blotch (Guignardia).

Cultivars

Baumann’s horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum ‘Baumannii’)

A double-flowered cultivar that produces no nuts.

Donate

Your support is vital to the Arboretum, where the power of trees makes a positive impact on people’s lives.

Make a gift