Common teasel and cutleaf teasel | The Morton Arboretum

Common teasel is an exotic weed in Illinois. A related, similar-looking species, cutleaf teasel, is also listed as an exotic species in the state. The Illinois Exotic Weed Act prohibits the sale or distribution of these plants in Illinois. These plants spread by seed. Often, teasel is cut or mowed after seeding, furthering its spread. These plants commonly grow in disturbed areas, but can grow in any area with moderate sunlight and moist soil, such as grasslands or savannas. The genus was introduced from Europe, Asia, and Africa for its use as a tool within the textile industry; today it can be found throughout much of the United States.

Common and cutleaf teasel are difficult to remove due to their prickly exterior and underground, horizontal root structure (known as rhizomatous roots). In its place, the native species Rattlesnake master (Eryngium yuccifolium) can serve as a good alternative, with its tall height and similarly prickly leaves and seed heads. There are a number of native and non-native species that could be used in place of common and cutleaf teasel. More desirable species may be found using the Search Trees and Plants page of the Arboretum website. Before purchasing or planting, be sure to check for any local or state guidelines on this species, and make sure that this plant is suitable for its habitat by checking its attributes at mortonarb.org or plants.usda.gov.

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Size and Method of Spreading

Both common and cutleaf teasel are biennial plants that flower only in their second year. They produce basal rosettes during their first year of growth. Their stems and flower heads can reach heights between 2 and 6 feet tall in their second year of growth.

Leaf Description

The leaves at the base of common teasel have scalloped edges and are arranged in a round shape (rosette), with an opposite leaf arrangement. Cutleaf teasel has a similar base, with deep indented leaves (lobed leaves). The leaves on the stem of common teasel have an oval shape and are pointed at the tip (lanceolate). Cutleaf teasel’s leaves are similar with deeply indented edges (margins) throughout.

Flower Description

Both species have several flower heads (inflorescences). These heads are cone-shaped and contain small, densely packed clusters of flowers. In common teasel, these flowers are typically a light purple color, differing from the white flowers of cutleaf teasel. Flowering time is early summer to midsummer.