Bittersweet nightshade | The Morton Arboretum

Bittersweet nightshade is a dangerous plant. It is dangerous to ingest. It can cause a variety of gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. In severe cases, it can lead to breathing issues, loss of muscle control, low heart rate, and even death. This plant is dispersed by animals who consume its fruit. It commonly grows in wet areas such as marshes, swamps, and riparian areas, as well as open fields and disturbed areas. It was introduced from Eurasia as an ornamental, and today is found throughout most of the United States.

As an alternative, purple clematis (Clematis occidentalis) is a good option for planting. There are a number of native and non-native species that could be used in place of bittersweet nightshade. More desirable species may be found using the online Search Trees and Plants page of the Arboretum website. Before purchasing or planting, be sure to check for any local or state guidelines on this species, and ensure that this plant is suitable for its habitat by checking its attributes at mortonarb.org or plants.usda.gov.

More Information

Bittersweet nightshade can take on different growth habits, appearing as a climbing vine or a sprawling perennial. The stems can become almost woody at the base of the plant. Young stems are purplish and slightly hairy (pubescent).

Leaf Description

The simple, alternate leaves of bittersweet nightshade are dark green. There is deep lobing at the base of the leaf. Each leaf is ovate and has a pointed tip. Edges (margins) are smooth, and there are fine hairs along the surface.

Flower Description

Bittersweet nightshade’s flowers are star-shaped (stellate), with reflexed petals. Each flower is small, about ⅓ inch. The flowers are borne from a main stem, with two clusters of flowers (cyme inflorescence). They range in color from light purple to dark purple and have green spots and prominent yellow stamens in the center. Flowering can occur throughout summer and well into fall.

Fruit Description

The fruit of bittersweet nightshade is a small (¼ inch) red berry with several small seeds inside. The berries change from green to orange and then red as they ripen.