Lesser celandine | The Morton Arboretum

Lesser celandine is an exotic weed in Illinois. The Illinois Exotic Weed Act prohibits the sale or distribution of this plant in Illinois. This plant spreads by small bulbs on the plant (bulblets), and tubers, which house stored energy for regrowth. Lesser celandine can also spread by seed, though it does so less often. It commonly grows in moist areas such as wetlands and riparian zones. It was introduced from Europe, Asia, and Africa for ornamental use, but today is found in the Midwest, South, and Northeast regions of the United States. Lesser celandine has a matlike growth, forming dense masses that outcompete native species. Its tubers also make resprouting a common occurrence.

A native alternative would be marsh marigold (Caltha palustris). There are a number of native and non-native species that could be used in place of lesser celandine. More desirable species may be found using the online Search Trees and Plants page of the Arboretum website. Before purchasing or planting, be sure to check for any local or state guidelines on this species, and ensure that this plant is suitable for its habitat by checking its attributes at mortonarb.org or plants.usda.gov.

More Information

Size and Method of Spreading

This plant is a perennial groundcover that grows 1 to 3 inches tall.

Leaf Description

The simple, green leaves form at the base of the plant (basal leaf arrangement). The leaves are heart-shaped (cordate) with multiple veins that extend from a common point on the leaf (palmate venation). The leaf margins are entire to slightly toothed. Leaves are typically about 1 to 3 inches both in length and width.

Flower Description

Lesser celandine contains bright yellow, solitary flowers. Each flower can have 7 to 12 petals, with a large cluster of yellow stamens at the center of the flowers. The flowers are present for a short time in mid- to late spring.